GEOMETRIC ACCURACY IN DESCRIPTIVE GEOMETRY: SOURCES OF ERRORS AND OPTIMIZATION METHODS

Authors

  • Cristiana GRIGORUTA (BISOC)
  • Irina IGNATESCU MANEA
  • Nicolae Razvan MITITELU
  • Lucian-Claudiu GRIGORUTA
  • Alexandru-Ionut IRIMIA

Keywords:

Geometric precision, Descriptive geometry, Systematic errors, Random errors, Graphical errors, Drawing instruments.

Abstract

Geometric precision plays an important role in descriptive geometry, as it directly affects the clarity and correctness of graphical representations. This paper analyses, in a clear and accessible manner, the most common errors that may occur in geometric constructions, whether they are hand-drawn or created using computer-based tools. The differences between systematic and random errors are highlighted, as well as the ways in which both users and instruments can influence the precision of lines and intersections. Particular attention is given to details that may seem insignificant, such as the thickness of a pencil tip or the wear of rulers, since these factors can affect the final outcome.

Downloads

Download data is not yet available.

References

Gutiérrez de Ravé, E., & Jiménez-Hornero, F. J.

(2024). A 3D descriptive geometry problem-solving

methodology

using

CAD and orthographic

projection. Symmetry, 16(4), 476, ISSN: 2073-8994.

Balajti, Zsuzsa. (2024). Challenges of Engineering

Applications of Descriptive Geometry. Symmetry,

(1), 50, ISSN: 2073-8994.

Turek, P., Bielarski, P., Czapla, A., Futoma, H.,

Hajder, T., & Misiura, J. (2025). Assessment of

Accuracy in Geometry Reconstruction, CAD

Modeling, and MEX Additive Manufacturing for

Models Characterized by Axisymmetry and Primitive

Geometries. Designs, 9(5), 101, . ISSN 2411-9660.

Angeles, J., & Pasini, D. (2020). Fundamentals of

Geometry Construction: The Math Behind the CAD.

Springer.

Gutiérrez de Ravé, S., Gutiérrez de Ravé, E., &

Jiménez-Hornero, F. J. (2025). Integrating CAD and

Orthographic Projection in Descriptive Geometry

Education: A Comparative Analysis with Monge’s

JOURNAL OF INDUSTRIAL DESIGN AND ENGINEERING GRAPHICS 27

Geometric Accuracy in Descriptive Geometry: Sources of Errors and Optimization Methods

VOLUME 21 ? ISSUE 1? JUNE 2026 28

System. Education Sciences, 15, 1492, ISSN 2227

Stanciu, L. S., & Rizea, N. F. (2010). The

Construction of Intersection Points between a

Straight Line and an Ellipsoid. Petroleum-Gas

University of Ploiesti Bulletin, Technical

Series, 62(1), ISSN 1224-8495.

Prodan, V. C. (2022). Geometrie descriptiva:

Îndrumator de laborator – Aplica?ii. Cluj-Napoca:

UTPRESS. ISBN 978-606-737-618-0.

ElMelegy, A. M. (2023). Uncertainty evaluation in

calibration of engineer’s steel rulers and measuring

tapes; GUM and Monte Carlo methods. Journal of

Measurement Science and Applications, 3(1), 64–79,

ISSN: 2805-2544.

Curriculum Resources. (2025). Principles of marking

out, measurement and gauging

Eifler, M., Volk, R., Feifel, S., Diederichs, S.,

Kerscher, E., & Seewig, J. (2025). Wear analysis of

material measures and stylus probes in repetitive

tactile calibration. Measurement, 242, 115894.

Simmons, C. H., & Maguire, D. E. (2004). Manual

of engineering drawing (2nd ed.). Oxford, UK:

Elsevier. ISBN 0-7506-5120-2.

Narang, S. (2023). Hand drafting vs computer

aided design; student’s preferences on methods of

drafting. International Journal of Current Science,

(1), 871–877. ISSN 2250-1770.

Kim, Y., Sung, A., Seo, Y., Hwang, S., & Kim, H.

(2016). Measurement of hardness and friction

properties of pencil leads for quantification of pencil

hardness test. Advances in Applied Ceramics, 115(8),

–448, ISSN: 1743-6761.

Rahman, M. R. U., Khatib, M. I., Rani, P. S.,

Shaikh, S., & Gunashekar, G. (2019). Effect of

computer aided drafting on manual drafting skills.

International Journal of Innovative Technology and

Exploring Engineering, 8(11), 3012–3014. ISSN

-3075.

Mansour, M. F., Kamel, I., & Abdelaal, A. H.

(2021). CAD using preference compared to hand

drafting in architectural working drawings

coursework. Ain Shams Engineering Journal, 12(3),

–3338, ISSN: 2090-4495.

Downloads

Published

2026-06-08

Issue

Section

Theoretical Geometry and Graphics

Most read articles by the same author(s)